The decarbonisation of Galicia using renewable marine energy L. Castro-Santos and A. Filgueira-Vizoso 2023/07/20

Abstract

The objective of this paper is to examine the importance of independent arrays in the offshore renewable energy farms. In this context, several scenarios have been contemplated for a floating offshore renewable energy farm: a farm only using floating wave energy; a farm only using floating offshore wind energy; and a farm composed by floating wave energy and floating offshore wind energy installed in independent arrays. The article proposes a method to calculate the main economic parameters and decide their economic feasibility. A hypothetic offshore renewable energy farm located in the Galicia region (Spain) has been studied as case of study. Results show which of the scenarios has the best economic results. This method is worthwhile to compare different floating offshore renewable energy technologies in economic terms and help in the decision making of this new emerging sector that can help to rebuild Europe in the post-pandemic period.

Authors and affiliations

L. Castro-Santos(1) and A. Filgueira-Vizoso(2)
(1) Universidade da Coruña, Departamento de Enxeñaría Naval e Industrial Escola Politécnica Superior, Esteiro, 15471 Ferrol, Spain
(2) Universidade da Coruña, Departamento de Química, Escola Politécnica Superior, Esteiro, 15471 Ferrol, Spain

Key words

Floating offshore wind, wave energy, independent array, ocean energy, economic feasibility.

References

[1] United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, Paris Agreement, Paris (France), 2015.

[2] José A. Roca, El periódico de la Energía, Los Combust. Fósiles Represent. El 80% La Prod. y El Consum. Energía En EEUU. (2020). https://elperiodicodelaenergia.com/los-combustibles fosiles-representan-el-80-de-la-produccion-y-el consumo-de-energia-en-eeuu/ (accessed September 15, 2020).

[3] RTVE, Cambio Climático Las Renov. Superan Por Prim. Vez a Las Energías Fósiles En La Unión Eur. (2021). https://www.rtve.es/noticias/20210125/renovables superan-energias-fosiles-primera-vez ue/2069200.shtml.

[4] Ember, EU Power Sector in 2020, England, 2020. https://ember-climate.org/project/eu-power-sector 2020/.

[5] K. Aruga, M.M. Islam, A. Jannat, Effects of COVID 19 on Indian Energy Consumption, Sustainability. 12 (2020) 5616. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12145616.

[6] Comisión Europea, Plan Recuper. Para Eur. (2020). https://ec.europa.eu/info/strategy/recovery-plan europe_es.

[7] Sun Power: An Introduction to the Applications of Solar Energy - J. C. McVeigh - Google Libros, (n.d.). https://books.google.es/books?hl=es&lr=&id=J5z3Ag AAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=sun+energy&ots=vK WaCLbHR9&sig=nz3MIuI3TqLPnvDZfSaOa7fIXOY #v=onepage&q=sun energy&f=false (accessed February 24, 2021).

[8] Energy from the Sun on JSTOR, (n.d.). https://www.jstor.org/stable/24996939?seq=1#metadat a_info_tab_contents (accessed February 24, 2021).

[9] A.M. Hamiche, A.B. Stambouli, S. Flazi, A review of the water-energy nexus, Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 65 (2016) 319–331. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.07.020.

[10] J.K. Kaldellis, D. Zafirakis, The wind energy (r)evolution: A short review of a long history, Renew. Energy. 36 (2011) 1887–1901. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2011.01 .002.

[11] G.M. Joselin Herbert, S. Iniyan, E. Sreevalsan, S. Rajapandian, A review of wind energy technologies, Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 11 (2007) 1117–1145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2005.08.004.

[12] B. Drew, A.R. Plummer, M.N. Sahinkaya, A review of wave energy converter technology, (n.d.). https://doi.org/10.1243/09576509JPE782.

[13] Wieczorek A Negro S Harmsen R Heimeriks G Luo L et. al., A review of the European offshore wind innovation system, Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 26 (2013) 294–306. www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S13640321 13003481.

[14] Y. Kumar, J. Ringenberg, S.S. Depuru, V.K. Devabhaktuni, J.W. Lee, E. Nikolaidis, B. Andersen, A. Afjeh, Wind energy: Trends and enabling technologies, Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 53 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.07.200.

[15] A. Uihlein, D. Magagna, Wave and tidal current energy – A review of the current state of research beyond technology, Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 58 (2016) 1070–1081. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.RSER.2015.12.284.

[16] L. Castro-Santos, A. Filgueira-Vizoso, L. Carral-Couce, J.Á.F. Formoso, Economic feasibility of floating offshore wind farms, Energy. (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2016.06.135.

[17] M. Seixas, R. Melício, V.M.F. Mendes, Simulation of rectifier voltage malfunction on OWECS, four-level converter, HVDC light link: Smart grid context tool, Energy Convers. Manag. 97 (2015) 140–153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2015.03.050.

[18] L. Castro-Santos, M.I. Lamas-Galdo, A. Filgueira Vizoso, Managing the oceans: Site selection of a floating offshore wind farm based on GIS spatial analysis, Mar. Policy. 113 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2019.103803.

[19] KENNETH PEIRE; HENDRIK NONNEMAN; ERIC BOSSCHEM, GRAVITY BASE FOUNDATIONS FOR THE THORNTON BANK OFFSHORE WIND FARM, Terra Aqua. 115 (2009) 11. https://www.iadc dredging.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/article gravity-base-foundations-for-the-thornton-bank offshore-wind-farm-115-3.pdf.

[20] L. Arany, S. Bhattacharya, J. Macdonald, S.J. Hogan, Design of monopiles for offshore wind turbines in 10 steps, Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng. 92 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2016.09.024.

[21] A.A. Shittu, A. Mehmanparast, L. Wang, K. Salonitis, A. Kolios, Comparative study of structural reliability assessment methods for offshore wind turbine jacket support structures, Appl. Sci. 10 (2020). https://doi.org/10.3390/app10030860.

[22] K. Jessen, K. Laugesen, S. M. Mortensen, J. K. Jensen, M. N. Soltani, Experimental Validation of Aero-Hydro Servo-Elastic Models of a Scaled Floating Offshore Wind Turbine, Appl. Sci. 9 (2019) 1244. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9061244.

[23] M. Karimirad, C. Michailides, V-shaped semisubmersible offshore wind turbine: An alternative concept for offshore wind technology, Renew. Energy. 83 (2015) 126–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.RENENE.2015.04.033.

[24] A.J. Sabrina Dankelmann, Bart Visser, Neelabh Gupta, Jose Serna, Bernardino Counago, Alvaro Urruchi, Jose L. Fernández, Carlos Cortés, Raul Guanche Garcia, TELWIND- Integrated Telescopic tower combined with an evolved spar floating substructurefor low-cost deep water offshore wind and next generation of 10 MW+ wind turbines, 2016.

[25] N. Khan, A. Kalair, N. Abas, A. Haider, Review of ocean tidal, wave and thermal energy technologies, Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 72 (2017) 590–604. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.RSER.2017.01.079.

[26] International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), Wave Energy Technology Brief, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-099424-6.00017-X.

[27] OWC Pico Plant, Web Page OWC Pico Plant, (2012).

[28] Sperboy, Sperboy Webpage, (2013).

[29] A. Weinstein, G. Fredrikson, M. Jane, P. Group, K.N.R. Denmark, AquaBuOY - The Offshore Wave Energy Converter Numerical Modeling and Optimization, in: IEEE, 2003: pp. 1854–1859. https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2003.178203.

[30] L. Castro-Santos, D. Silva, A.R. Bento, N. Salvação, C.G. Soares, Economic feasibility of wave energy farms in Portugal, Energies. 11 (2018) 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3390/en11113149.

[31] Wavebob, Wavebob Webpage, (2013).

[32] Pelamis, Pelamis wave power, (2012).

[33] D.J. Pizer, C. Retzler, R.M. Henderson, F.L. Cowieson, M.G. Shaw, B. Dickens, R. Hart, PELAMIS WEC - RECENT ADVANCES IN THE NUMERICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL MODELLING PROGRAMME, in: 6^{th} Eur. Wave Tidal Energy Conf., 2005.

[34] L. Castro-Santos, A. Filgueira-Vizoso, A Software for Calculating the Economic Aspects of Floating Offshore Renewable Energies, Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 17 (2019) 19. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17010218.

[35] IEA, The impact of the Covid-19 crisis on clean energy progress, Paris (France), 2020. https://www.iea.org/articles/the-impact-of-the-covid 19-crisis-on-clean-energy-progress.

[36] L. Castro-Santos, E. Martins, C. Guedes Soares, Economic comparison of technological alternatives to harness offshore wind and wave energies, Energy. 140 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2017.08.103.

[37] Instituto para la Diversificación y el Ahorro de la Energía (IDAE), Análisis del recurso. Atlas eólico de España. Estudio técnico. PER 2011-2020, Madrid, 2011.

[38] Navantia, Navantia web page, (2019).

[39] Pelamis Wave Power, Pelamis Webpage, (2013).

[40] A. Aubault, C. Cermelli, D. Roddier, Windfloat: a floating foundation for offshore wind turbines. Part III: Structural analysis, in: ASME 28th Int. Conf. Ocean. Offshore Arct. Eng. OMAE2009, Honolulu, Hawaii (USA), 2009: pp. 1–8.

[41] S. Astariz, G. Iglesias, Accessibility for operation and maintenance tasks in co-located wind and wave energy farms with non-uniformly distributed arrays, Energy Convers. Manag. 106 (2015) 1219–1229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2015.10.060.