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Abstract This paper presents a novel Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) approach to optimize electric vehicle (EV) charging schedules, specifically focusing on minimizing tardiness. Addressing real-world constraints such as power limitations and load balancing, the proposed ACO algorithm effectively explores the solution space. Inspired by ant foraging behaviour, the method strategically utilizes pheromone trails to guide the optimization process. Validation with actual EV charging data underscores the algorithm's performance in minimizing tardiness. The study focuses on the significant impact constraints have on the optimization problem, shedding light on their role in shaping efficient charging schedules. It studies the difference outcomes of implementing the same constraints in different ways. This research contributes to the elaboration and development of new and efficient solutions that will help promote the adoption of electric vehicles.
Authors and affiliations O. Abarrategi(1), G. Dobric(2), M. Zarkovic(2) and A. Iturregi(1) 1. Department of Electrical Engineering. Bilbao School of Engineering, UPV/EHU. Rafael Moreno Pitxitxi 2, 48013 Bilbao (Spain) 2. Department of Power Systems. University of Belgrade - School of Electrical Engineering Belgrade, Serbia Key words Electric Vehicles, Ant Colony Optimization, Constraint Implementation, Tardiness Optimization. References [1] A. Hernández-Arauzo, J. Puente, R. Varela, J. Sedano, “Electric vehicle charging under power and balance constraints as dynamic scheduling.” Computers & Industrial Engineering (2015) Vol. 85, pp. 306-315, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2015.04.002. [2] S. Ge, J. Yan and H. Liu, "Ordered Charging Optimization of Electric Vehicles Based on Charging Load Spatial Transfer," 2019 22nd International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS), 2019, pp. 1-6, doi: 10.1109/ICEMS.2019.8922218. [3] J. García-Álvarez, M. A. González, C. R. Vela, “Metaheuristics for solving a real-world electric vehicle charging scheduling problem”, Applied Soft Computing (2018), Vol. 65, pp. 292-306, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2018.01.010 [4] P. Antarasee, S. Premrudeepreechacharn, A. Siritaratiwat, S. Khunkitti, “Optimal Design of Electric Vehicle Fast-Charging Station’s Structure Using Metaheuristic Algorithms”, Sustainability(2023),Vol15, https://doi.org/10.3390/su15010771 [5] K. Adetunji, I. Hofsajer, L. Cheng, "A Coordinated Charging Model for Electric Vehicles in a Smart Grid using Whale Optimization Algorithm" 2020 IEEE 23rd International Conference on Information Fusion (FUSION), Rustenburg, South Africa, 2020, pp. 1-7, doi: 10.23919/FUSION45008.2020.9190284. [6] M. Mavrovouniotis, G. Ellinas and M. Polycarpou, "Electric Vehicle Charging Scheduling Using Ant Colony System", IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC) (2019), pp. 2581-2588, https://doi: 10.1109/CEC.2019.8789989. [7] T. Panayiotou, M. Mavrovouniotis, G. Ellinas, "On the Fair-Efficient Charging Scheduling of Electric Vehicles in Parking Structures", 2021 IEEE International Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference (ITSC), Indianapolis, IN, USA, 2021, pp. 1627-1634, doi: 10.1109/ITSC48978.2021.9565024. [8] M. Dorigo, L.M. Gambardella, “Ant Colony System: A Cooperative Learning Approach to the Traveling Salesman Problem”, IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation (1997), Vol. 1, No. 1, pp.53-66 [9] BOE (22 September 2013). Low Voltage Electrotechnical Regulation (TBR). Royal decree 842/2002, of 2 August 2002. Official Gazette of Spain (BOE). http://www.boe.es/
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