Modeling the Synergy of Wind and PV Power in Galicia Using Copula Theory
Daiane Rodrigues dos Santos(1) and Tuany Esthefany Barcellos(2) 1. Department of Economics - Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro- Brazil 2. Department of Industrial Engineering, Gávea, do Rio de Janeiro - Brazil 2026-02-15

Abstract

One of the main goals of international sustainabilityprojects is the transition to renewable energy. This study uses copula theory to explore the relationship between wind and photovoltaic (PV) electricity Production in Galicia, Spain. The aim is to analyze the interaction and complementarity between these two renewable energy sources. The research uses copula models to capture the dependency structure between how much wind and PV energy is generated, recognizing that their interactions are complex and not linear. Copula theory allows us to represent how wind and PV energy behave together, enabling the prediction and optimization of energy production. That said, this research shows how to improve the stability and sustainability of energy networks. The methods used in this study can be applied to other regions and energy sources, giving us a flexible way to explore renewable energy systems in the future.

Key words: Copula theory, renewable energy, wind and PV generation, energy forecasting.

References

[1] Baker, K. R., et al. (2018). Complementarity of wind and PV energy in Europe. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 81, 1-10.

[2] Enel Green Power. (2019). New PV plants inaugurated in Spain: A step toward a renewable future. Retrieved from https://www.enelgreenpower.com/stories/articles/2019/12/spain-new-renewable-energy-plants

[3] Joe, H. (2014). Dependence modeling with copulas. CRC Press.

[4] Nelsen, R. B. (2006). An introduction to copulas (2nd ed.). Springer Science & Business Media.

[5] Red Eléctrica de España (REE). (2020). Evolución del sistema eléctrico español. Retrieved from https://www.ree.es/es/datos/generacion/estructura-generacion

[6] Red Eléctrica de España (REE). (2024). Estructura de generación de energía en España. Retrieved from https://www.ree.es/es/datos/generacion/estructura-generacion

[7] Sklar, A. (1959). Fonctions de répartition à n dimensions et leurs marges. Publications de l’Institut de Statistique de L’Université de Paris, 8, 229-231.

[8] Total HSE. (2023). PV photovoltaic energy: A revolution in Spain. Retrieved from https://totalhse.com/en/PV-photovoltaic-energy-a-revolution-in-spain/

[9] Zhai, Z., et al. (2018). Wind and PV power generation and the reliability of energy systems. *Energy Reports, 4*, 529-537.