Assessment of Photovoltaic Panel Efficiency Under Different Spectral Characteristics of Artificial Lighting
Aleksandar Stjepanović(1), Gordana Jotanović(1), Svetko Milutinović(1), Đorđe Stjepanović(2) 1. University of East Sarajevo, Faculty of Transport and Traffic Engineering, Doboj University of East Sarajevo (Bosnia and Herzegovina). 2. University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences Trg Dositeja Obradovića 6, 21102 Novi Sad (Serbia) 2026-06-27

Abstract

The increasing use of photovoltaic (PV) systems in indoor and hybrid environments has raised the need to evaluate
their performance under artificial lighting conditions. Unlike natural solar radiation, artificial light sources exhibit distinct spectral characteristics that significantly influence the energy conversion efficiency of photovoltaic panels. This paper presents an assessment of photovoltaic panel efficiency under different types of artificial lighting, with a particular focus on spectral power distribution effects. Experimental measurements were conducted using commonly applied artificial light sources, including LED, fluorescent, and incandescent lamps. The electrical output parameters of the PV panel, such as voltage, current, and power, were measured and compared under controlled illumination conditions. In parallel, the spectral characteristics of each light source were analyzed and correlated with the spectral response of the photovoltaic cell. The results indicate that photovoltaic efficiency under artificial lighting is highly dependent on spectral matching between the light source and the PV material.

Key words: photovoltaic panels, artificial lighting, spectral characteristics, energy conversion efficiency,
indoor photovoltaics.

References

[1] T. Markvart, “Indoor photovoltaic energy harvesting,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 62, no. 9, pp. 5561–5568, 2015.

[2] B. Minnaert and P. Veelaert, “Photovoltaic energy harvesting for indoor applications: A review,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 75, pp. 123–134, 2017.

[3] J.-P. Karthaus and M. Fischer, “Amorphous silicon solar cells for indoor energy harvesting,” Solar Energy, vol. 85, no. 7, pp. 1315–1320, 2011.

[4] J. Randolph, S. Kim, and A. Pesaran, “Evaluation of photovoltaic power generation under LED lighting,” Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 105, pp. 762–769, 2015.

[5] J. Park, H. Lee, and D. Kim, “Spectral optimization of indoor lighting for photovoltaic energy harvesting,” Applied Energy, vol. 231, pp. 986–995, 2018.

[6] T. Nguyen and W. Chung, “Performance analysis of silicon photovoltaic modules under artificial lighting conditions,” Energy Reports, vol. 6, pp. 321–329, 2020.

[7] W. A. E.-B. Zekri, “Photovoltaic modules for indoor energy harvesting,” Journal of Advances in Physics, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 5222–5231, 2018.

[8] G. Apostolou, A. Reinders, and M. Verwaal, “Comparison of the indoor performance of 12 commercial PV products by a simple model,” Energy Science & Engineering, 2016.

[9] S. Shafian, “Silicon solar cells for indoor photovoltaic applications,” Future Energy and Environment Letters, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 50–57, 2025.

[10] “Promises and challenges of indoor photovoltaics,” Nature Reviews Clean Technology, 2024.

[11] M. Politi et al., “Practical PV energy harvesting under real indoor lighting conditions,” arXiv preprint, 2020.

[12] I. Mathews et al., “Self‑powered sensors enabled by wide‑bandgap perovskite indoor photovoltaic cells,” arXiv preprint, 2019.

[13] F. De Rossi, T. Pontocorvo, and T. M. Brown, “Characterization of photovoltaic devices for indoor light harvesting and customization of flexible dye solar cells to deliver superior efficiency under artificial lighting,” Applied Energy, vol. 156, pp. 413–422, 2015.

[14] W. Chen, K. T. Mularso, B. Jo, i H. S. Jung, “Indoor light energy harvesting perovskite solar cells: from device physics to AI‑driven strategies,” Materials Horizons, vol. 12, pp. 3691–3711, 2025, doi:10.1039/D5MH00133A.

[15] L. Colace, G. Assanto, and A. De Iacovo, “Light‑Emitting Diodes for Energy Harvesting,” Electronics, vol. 13, no. 8, p. 1587, 2024. doi: 10.3390/electronics13081587.

[16] A. Shore, J. Roller, J. Bergeson, i B. H. Hamadani, “Indoor light energy harvesting for battery‑powered sensors using small photovoltaic modules,” Energy Science & Engineering, vol. 9, no. 11, p. 10.1002/ese3.964, Nov. 2021.