Control of an Islanded PV–Battery–PEM Electrolyser Microgrid for Green Hydrogen Production
A. Llamazares, S. Martín-Arroyo, J. A. Cebollero, M. García-Gracia Department of Electrical Engineering, EINA, Zaragoza University Campus Río Ebro, Zaragoza (Spain). 2026-06-27

Abstract

This paper presents the design and control of an islanded PV–battery–PEM electrolyser microgrid for green hydrogen production. The system integrates a PV plant, a lithium-ion BESS, and a 425 kW PEM electrolyser. A hierarchical control strategy is proposed, combining local converter control, DC-bus voltage regulation and a supervisory layer including cloud classification, fault handling and maximum-power operation modes.
The system is modelled in MATLAB/Simulink and evaluated under representative scenarios such as cloud transients, PV faults, maximum-power operation and battery cycling. Results show that the proposed control maintains DC-bus stability within acceptable limits, ensures compliance with electrolyser ramp-rate constraints (10% of nominal power per second), and avoids undesirable power oscillations. The BESS effectively acts as spinning reserve, enabling continuous hydrogen production during short disturbances and safe operation under fault conditions.

Key words: Off-grid hybrid system, grid stability, power plant control.

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