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Enhanced Power Control for Voltage Support Strategy and Virtual Inertia Emula-tion for Distributed Battery Energy Storage System

I. Ahmed Alharbi(1), Fahd Hariri(1), Yusuf Alturki(1,2)

1. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia

2. Research and Innovation Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

2026-06-27

In active distribution systems, the battery energy storage system (BESS) can support grid stability through coordinated active and reactive power control mechanisms. Therefore, this paper proposes a coordinated control scheme for BESS to voltage and frequency regulations under dynamic operating conditions. For inertia emulation control, a coupling mechanism between the rate of change of frequency (RoCoF) combined with voltage magnitude and the required active power of grid is studied. Meanwhile, a coupling mechanism between the rate of change of voltage (RoCoV) and frequency magnitude is employed to regulate reactive power injection for effective voltage support. Based on the grid-voltage modulated direct power control (GVMDPC), the inner control loop is designed to accurately track both active and reactive power references, ensuring better dynamic performance of the grid-connected battery energy storage. Intensive simulation studies that have been conducted on a wind-BESS system are executed using MATLAB/ Simulink platform along with the validation of the proposed scheme. Finally, simulations are performed to assess the capability of the proposed control scheme to improve the dynamic response of grid frequency and voltage compared with the conventional method.

Key words: Voltage support, virtual inertia emulation, coordinated control, Renewable energies, and Battery Energy storage systems.

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