| |
 |
Modeling and Control
of a DC Supply System for Electrical Vehicle Charging
Based on Renewable Energy Sources with the Support of Storage
A. Roque, V. Fernão Pires, L. Pedraza,
E. Margato, D. M. Sousa
2018/04/20
|

Abstract
Supply systems to the electrical vehicles
are becoming extremely important in the actual context. Thus, this paper
presents a DC supply system for electrical vehicles. It can be used for
fast or slow charge. This system was developed taking into consideration
the use of Renewable Energy Sources (RES). Thus, a wind generator and
a Photovoltaic (PV) system connected to the DC bus were also considered.
Due to the intermittent nature of the energy generated by the RES storage
systems were also considered. In this case were considered batteries and
supercapacitors to support the system during the fast transients. A connection
of the DC supply system with the grid was also considered in order to
support the charging system, when the energy generated by the generators
and storage systems are not enough. Besides that, this connection is also
made in order to support the grid, when necessary. So, in situations in
which is required the support of the grid, the system can provide active
and reactive power. The active power can be supplied by the RES and storage
systems, but also by the electric vehicle when available. The models of
the several systems are presented. The control of the all components of
the system is also provided. Several results are presented in order to
verify the effectiveness of the global system.
| Published in: Renewable Energy
& Power Quality Journal (RE&PQJ, Nº. 16) |
| Pages: 722-727 |
Date of Publication: 2018/04/20 |
| ISSN: 2172-038X |
Date of Current Version:2018/03/23 |
| REF: 444-18 |
Issue Date: April 2018 |
| DOI:10.24084/repqj16.444 |
Publisher: EA4EPQ |
Authors and affiliations
A. Roque1,2, V. Fernão Pires1,2 L. Pedraza1,3
, E. Margato2,4,, D. M. Sousa2,5,
1. Department of Electrical Engineering. ESTSetúbal/Instituto Politécnico
de Setúbal. Campus of IPS, Estefanilha, Setúbal, Portugal
2. INESC-ID. Lisboa, Portugal
3. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid - Rectorado B, Madrid, Espanha,
4. CEI, ISEL-Instituo Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico
de Lisboa, and INESC-ID, Lisboa, Portugal
Key words
References
[1] F. Martin Moreno, Vehículos
eléctricos. Historia, estado actual y retos futuros, European
Scientific Journal, pp. 118-131, 2016.
[2] G. Joos, M. De Freige, and M. Dubois, Design and simulation
of a fast charging station for PHEV/EV batteries, EPEC IEEE Electr.
Power Energy Conf. Sustainable Energy an Intell. Grid, pp 1-5, 2010.
[3] V. Fernão Pires, António Roque, Duarte M. Sousa, Gil
Marques, Photovoltaic Electric Vehicle Chargers as a Support for
Reactive Power Compensation, International Conference on Renewable
Energy Research and Applications (ICRERA), pp. 1-6, 2012.
[4] Y. Du, X. Zhou, S. Bai, S. Lukic and A. Huang, Review of nonisolated
bi-directional DC-DC converters for plug-in hybrid electric vehicle charge
station application at municipal parking decks, 25th IEEE Applied
Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), pp. 1145 1151,
2010.
[5] J. Harper, "Development and Implementation of SAE DC Charging
Digital Communication for Plug-in Electric Vehicle DC Charging,
SAE Technical Paper 2013-01-1188, 2013.
[6] P. Chan , S. Armstrong and W. Hurley, A stand-alone photovoltaic
supercapacitor battery hybrid energy storage system, Power Electronics
and Motion Control Conference, 13th EPEPEMC, pp. 1688-1695, 2008.
[7] T. A. Singo, A. Martinez and S. Saadate, Using ultracapacitors
to optimize energy storage in a photovoltaic system, Power Electronics,
Electrical Drives, Automation and Motion, SPEEDAM, pp. 229-234, 2008.
[8] W. Li and G. Joos, A power electronic interface for a battery
supercapacitor hybrid energy storage system for wind
applications, Power Electronics Specialists Conference, PESC, IEEE,
pp. 1762-1768, 2008.
[9] T. Shimizu, M. Hirakata, T. Kamezawa and H. Watanabe, Generation
control circuit for photovoltaic modules, IEEE
Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 16, pp. 293 300, Issue:
3, May 2001.
[10] N. V. Rozhentcova, P. V. Ganin and A. I. Rudakov, Structural
and Computer Optimization Model of a Solar-Wind Hybrid Electrical System
in the Software Environment Matlab Simulink, International Conference
on Industrial Engineering, Applications and Manufacturing (ICIEAM), 2017.
[11] O.C. Onar, M. Uzunoglu and M.S. Alam, Dynamic modeling, design
and simulation of a wind/fuel cell/ultra-capacitor-based hybrid power
generation system, In Journal of Power Sources, vol. 161, Issue
1, pp 707-722, 2006.
[12] M. Tabari and A. Yazdani, Stability of a dc Distribution System
for Power System Integration of Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles,
in IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, vol. 5, no. 5, pp. 2564-2573, 2014.
[13] V. Fernão Pires, Enrique Romero-Cadaval, D. Vinnikov, I. Roasto,
J. F. Martins, Power converter interfaces for electrochemical energy
storage systems A review, Energy Conversion and Management,
vol. 86, pp. 453-475, 2014.
[14] D. Christen, S. Tschannen and J. Biela, Highly efficient and
compact DC-DC converter for ultra-fast charging of electric vehicles,
In 15th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference
and Exposition, EPE-PEMC, 2012.
[15] W. Yan, W. Cui, W. J. Lee, J. Yu and X. Zhao, Pilot-bus-centered
automatic voltage control with high penetration level of wind generation,
IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting, Addison, pp. 1-8, 2015.
[16] T. Zhou and B. Francois, Modeling and control design of hydrogen
production process for an active hydrogen/wind hybrid power system,
In International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 34, Issue 1, Pages 21-30,
2009.
[17] T. Esram and P. L. Chapman, Comparison of Photovoltaic Array
Maximum Power Point Tracking Techniques, IEEE Trans. Energy Convers.,
vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 439449, 2007.
[18] Shankar, G., & Mukherjee, V. MPP detection of a partially shaded
PV array by continuous GA and hybrid PSO. Ain Shams Engineering Journal,
2015.
[19] V. Fernão Pires, Duarte M. Sousa, J. F. Martins, Controlling
a Grid-Connected T-type Three Level Inverter System Using a Sliding Mode
Approach, IEEE International Symposium on Electronics (ISIE), pp
2002-2007, 2014.
[20] M. A. Abdullah, A. Yatim, C. Tan, R. Saidur, A Review of Maximum
Power Point Tracking Algorithms for Wind Energy
Systems, in Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 16, Issue
5, pp. 3220-3227, 2012.
[21] Z. Dalala, Z. Zahid, W. Yu, Y. Cho, J.-S. Lai, Design and Analysis
of an MPPT Technique for Small-Scale Wind Energy Conversion Systems,
in IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, vol. 28, Issue 3, pp. 756-767,
2013.
[22] R. M. Linus, P. Damodharan, Maximum power point tracking method
using a modified perturb and observe algorithm for grid connected wind
energy conversion systems, IET Renewable Power Generation, vol.
9, Issue 6, pp. 682-689, 2015.

|
|