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Inductive Wireless Power Transfer for Autonomous Underwater Vehicles using Split Core Transformer and Resonant LLC Circuit

Iñigo Rozas, Iñigo Martínez de Alegría, Alberto Otero, Endika Robles and Iker Aretxabaleta

Applied Electronics Research Team (APERT), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU). Bilbao School of Engineering, Bilbao (Spain)

2026-01-20

Unmanned Underwater Vehicles (UUVs) are pivotal for underwater exploration and maintenance. Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs), with their potential to reduce operational time and environmental impact, are gaining increased interest. However, they face important technological challenges, particularly in power supply. This study focuses into the application of Inductive Wireless Power Transfer (IWPT) for continuous AUV operation, employing tightly coupled split core transformers (SCT) designed for near-field power transfer. Robust isolation and alignment mechanisms are proposed to overcome the effects of seawater environment. An IWPT device with an SCT and resonant LLC circuit is simulated and experimentally tested. Finite Element Method studies highlight the advantage of isolating the device from the seawater environment, especially at high frequencies. LLC simulation and experimental results demonstrate an efficiency in power transfer of 93.2 % and 87.1 %, respectively, transferring up to 312 W. However, global efficiency of the experimental device drops to 76.4 %, highlighting the need for optimizations in circuit design.

Key words: Inductive Wireless Power Transfer, Autonomous Underwater Vehicles, Resonant Converters, Finite Element Analysis.

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