MILP-Based Optimal Sizing of a Hybrid Battery-Hydrogen Energy Storage in a Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System |
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Zakaria A. Souleymane(1), A. Mpanda Mabwe(1), H. Augendre(2), J. Fortin(1) 1. UniLaSalle, GeNumEr, Amiens, France 2. BELLOVA, Aéroport Paris-Beauvais, Tillé, France
2026-06-27 |
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Abstract
This study is part of a large-scale decarbonization initiative for Paris-Beauvais Airport (PBA). The focus is the integration of renewable energy sources (RES) with the aim of decreasing grid dependency by enhancing local energy autonomy. The system under scrutiny comprises a photovoltaic (PV) generator, a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS), and a hydrogen energy storage subsystem () consisting of an electrolyzer (ELZ), a hydrogen tank, and a fuel cell (FC). The global system supplies electrical loads and is connected to the utility grid. The sizing of the battery and hydrogen subsystems is determined by using a Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model under realistic operational constraints. The system's operation is then evaluated through an explicit rule-based dispatch strategy, thereby enabling a clear interpretation of storage utilization over time.The assessment of the framework employs three years of hourly load data, meticulously measured, and PV generation estimated from meteorological data. The results demonstrate the complementary roles of storage technologies: the battery mitigates short-term fluctuations, while hydrogen storage supports long-duration and seasonal balancing, and reduces grid dependency compared to a BESS-only configuration.
The proposed approach provides a realistic and interpretable basis for the design of hybrid storage systems in renewable-based infrastructures characterized by significant seasonal variability.
Key words:Optimal sizing, hybrid storage, battery, hydrogen, Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP).
Published in: Renewable Energies, Environment
& Power Quality Journal (REE&PQJ) |
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| ISSUE: Vol. 26. No.3 | Pages: 379-384 |
| E-ISSN: 3020-531 X | Date of Current Version: 2026-06-27 |
| REF: 354-26 | Issue Date: 2026-07-15 |
| DOI:10.24084/reepqj26-354 | Publisher: AEDERMACP/ EA4EPQ |
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